Three types of punishment-sensitive dopaminergic neurons (DANs) drive intensity-scaled plasticity at their respective mushroom body output neuron (MBON) connections to code absolute aversive value. Here we reveal mechanisms of absolute and relative aversive valuation in Drosophila. While our understanding of how the dopaminergic system computes absolute value is relatively advanced, the mechanistic underpinnings of relative valuation are unclear. These learned values guide appropriate later decision-making. Animals use prior experience to assign absolute (good or bad) and also relative (better or worse) value to new experience.
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